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Rules for Naming Inorganic Compounds
1. Determine valence (oxidation number) using periodic table or Lewis
electron dot diagrams.
2 Write chemical formula of compound with symbols for elements and
oxidation numbers.
Write POSITIVE ion first,
then the negative ion.
3. Balance chemical formula. The compound should be electronically
neutral.
4. Write positive ion element name.
Write negative ion element name, remove the suffix and
replace with -ide.
5. If the positive ion is a transition element with more than one valence,
write the valence as a Roman
numeral in parentheses after the positive ion name.
6. If there are multiple ions in the formula and it is a nonmetal
compound, the nonmetal ion may be
prefaced with a number prefix. (For example: CCl4
is carbon tetrachloride;
CO2 is carbon dioxide.)
7. If the positive ion or the negative ion is a polyatomic ion, write the
name of the polyatomic ion, not
each individual element's name. Remember that the
elements in polyatomic ions work as a unit and
have a net charge.
| Shorthand Corner Notation |
|
Example |
|
Shorthand
Balancing Formula |
| mass number |
Element
Symbol |
electric charge |
|
24 |
Mg |
+2 |
|
35 |
Cl |
-1 |
|
Mg |
+2 |
|
Cl |
-1 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| atomic number |
number atoms |
|
12 |
1
|
17 |
2 |
|
1 |
2 |
|
| |
|
Mg+2Cl2-1 |
|
Mg+2Cl2-1 |
|
| Nonmetal Number Prefixes |
|
Organic (Carbon) Number
Prefixes |
| # atoms |
prefix |
|
# atoms |
prefix |
| 1 |
mon |
|
1 |
meth |
| 2 |
di |
|
2 |
eth |
| 3 |
tri |
|
3 |
prop |
| 4 |
tetra |
|
4 |
but |
| 5 |
penta |
|
5 |
pent |
| 6 |
hexa |
|
6 |
hex |
| 7 |
hepta |
|
7 |
hept |
| 8 |
octa |
|
8 |
oct |
| 9 |
nona |
|
9 |
non |
| 10 |
deca |
|
10 |
dec |
Naming Organic Molecules
1. Count the number of carbons in the LONGEST continuous chain..
Give number prefix for number of carbons.
2. End of name determined by type of bond(s) present.
all single
bonds:
-ane
one or more double bond: - ene
one or more triple bond: -yne
3. Ring structures are named: cyclo-
If ring structure is a fragment, then may have a
functional group ending (-yl) or a specific name.
4. Carbon chain fragments attached to the main chain are given number
prefix and functional group
ending: -yl.
A numeral before the name of the carbon chain fragment
indicates to which number carbon of the
main chain the fragment is attached.
If more than one fragment of the same length is
attached to the same carbon, two numerals,
separated with a comma, indicate number of fragments and carbon number
to which they are
attached.
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